Quantum computing
Humanity has never progressed faster in technology than today, from AI to IoT. Soon enough the computers we use today will be called traditional computers, and quantum computers will be considered the new modern technology. Even with all the advanced supercomputers that exist today some problems remain impossible or take too long to solve eventually reaching classical computing’s physical limits.
Quantum computers are basically advanced machines that use the rules of quantum physics (specifically entanglement and superposition) to process complex problems faster than a normal computer.
How does a quantum computer work?
#Superposition
We know that our computers use bits to store information, each bit is either 1 or 0. In Quantum computers, qubits are used, qubits are more complex than just 1 or 0, it can exist in a superposition of both simultaneously, which means a qubit doesn’t have a definite value until it is measured only then can we observe it as 1 or 0.
#Entanglement
Entanglement is what makes a quantum computer much more powerful than a normal computer. To understand this, let’s take 2 qubits, they’re not entangled each in a superposition, but they’re still independent, measuring one tells you nothing about the other one. Now if we entangle these 2 qubits the pair share a combined quantum state. If one qubit is measured to be 1 the other one will surely be measured to be 1 too. It allows quantum computers to coordinate many qubits at once.
#Quantum interference
Interference is when waves interact, it can either be constructive interference (when the waves align and add up) or disruptive interference (when the waves cancel each other out). if there are many probabilities, a classical computer will check each probability until the correct one is found A quantum computer prepares all possibilities in a quantum state. Then using quantum gates it manipulates the probability amplitude resulting in the right answer to be more likely.
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